{"id":211169,"date":"2018-05-24T11:55:06","date_gmt":"2018-05-24T11:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostelworld.com\/blog\/?p=211169"},"modified":"2023-11-01T11:12:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T11:12:23","slug":"guide-visuel-de-lhistoire-des-azulejos-au-portugal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostelworld.com\/blog\/fr\/guide-visuel-de-lhistoire-des-azulejos-au-portugal\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide visuel de l’histoire des azulejos au Portugal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les carreaux sont probablement associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la cuisine ou \u00e0 la salle de bains, mais si vous vous promenez \u00e0 Lisbonne ou \u00e0 Porto, vous verrez que les carreaux, ou “azulejos” comme on les appelle au Portugal, sont des \u0153uvres d’art qui transforment les immeubles d’habitation ternes en galeries ext\u00e9rieures. En fait, l'”azulejaria”, l’art des carreaux, en dit long sur l’histoire et la culture portugaises. Bien que les carreaux \u00e0 motifs aient \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits au Portugal par les envahisseurs maures d’Afrique du Nord, l’utilisation des carreaux en tant que fa\u00e7ades est une pratique typiquement portugaise.<\/p>\n

Il suffit de se promener dans la rue pour d\u00e9couvrir de superbes expositions de carreaux, mais les endroits suivants sont parmi nos pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour voir certaines des fa\u00e7ades les plus anciennes et les plus authentiques du Portugal.<\/p>\n

1. Capela das Almas, Porto<\/h2>\n

Cette chapelle est enti\u00e8rement recouverte de carreaux traditionnels bleus et blancs, con\u00e7us par le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre artisan Eduardo Leite. Les carreaux repr\u00e9sentent des sc\u00e8nes telles que la mort de saint Fran\u00e7ois d’Assise et le martyre de Santa Catarina. Comme elles se trouvent \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur du b\u00e2timent, vous n’aurez pas \u00e0 d\u00e9bourser un centime pour voir ce joyau culturel.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Rua de Santa Catarina 428, 4000-068 Porto<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Building<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcf7@samichheng<\/a><\/p>\n

2. Palais de Fronteira, Lisbonne<\/h2>\n

Ce palais abrite l’une des plus grandes collections de carreaux de fa\u00efence du pays, avec des expositions spectaculaires \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur. Construit au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, peu apr\u00e8s que les Portugais eurent repris leur ind\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’Espagne, sa spectaculaire “Sala das Batalhas” [salle des batailles], d\u00e9peint des sc\u00e8nes \u00e9piques de batailles contre les Espagnols.<\/p>\n

Largo S\u00e3o Domingos de Benfica 1, 1500-554 Lisbonne<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Fronteira<\/p>\n

\"yellow<\/p>\n

\"Fronteira<\/p>\n

3. Quinta dos Azulejos, Lisbonne<\/h2>\n

Cette cour fortifi\u00e9e est une oasis de paix et de tranquillit\u00e9 au milieu de la ville. Ses jardins luxuriants regorgent de superbes \u0153uvres d’art en carreaux de fa\u00efence repr\u00e9sentant des chasses, des sc\u00e8nes de chevalerie et, bien s\u00fbr, des sc\u00e8nes religieuses.<\/p>\n

Paco do Luminar, Rua Esquerda, Lisboa<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Quinta<\/p>\n

\"Quinta<\/p>\n

\"columns<\/p>\n

4. Gare de S\u00e3o Bento, Porto<\/h2>\n

M\u00eame si vous \u00eates press\u00e9 d’attraper un train dans cette gare de Porto, arr\u00eatez-vous une seconde dans le hall principal pour admirer les superbes sc\u00e8nes de Jorge Cola\u00e7o, qui d\u00e9peignent l’histoire des transports et le d\u00e9veloppement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 portugaise moderne.<\/p>\n

Pra\u00e7a Almeida Garrett, 4000-069 Porto<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Azulejos<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcf7@anamelissa<\/a><\/p>\n

5. Mus\u00e9e national des tuiles, Lisbonne<\/h2>\n

Ce mus\u00e9e regorge de belles \u0153uvres datant de plusieurs si\u00e8cles, ce qui permet de s’immerger r\u00e9ellement dans l’\u00e9volution de cet artisanat unique. Il contient \u00e9galement la magnifique Igreja da Madre de Deus, avec ses beaux carreaux encadr\u00e9s et sa d\u00e9coration orn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

R. Me. Deus 4, 1900-312 Lisboa<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Portuguese<\/p>\n

\"National<\/p>\n

\"National<\/p>\n

Carreaux de Lisbonne : faites de la ville votre galerie !<\/h2>\n

\u00c0 partir du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, les carreaux ne sont plus r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l’aristocratie ou \u00e0 l’\u00e9glise. Les classes moyennes nouvellement riches pouvaient s’offrir des carreaux et la production en masse de carreaux permettait de d\u00e9corer les maisons des gens de tous les jours. De nombreux grands projets d’art public ont \u00e9t\u00e9 command\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 1950, de sorte que diverses \u0153uvres abstraites et exp\u00e9rimentales ont envahi les rues.<\/p>\n

\"Posing<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcf7@isafollowrivers<\/a><\/p>\n

Avenida Infante Santo<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Promenez-vous le long de l’Avenida Infante Santo \u00e0 Lisbonne, o\u00f9 l’azulejo a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er des \u0153uvres d’art g\u00e9antes en plein air. Il s’agit notamment de l’\u0153uvre “O Mar” de Maria Keil, qui a pour th\u00e8me l’oc\u00e9an, d’une sc\u00e8ne de p\u00eache de S\u00e1 Nogueira, d’un paysage urbain multicolore de Carlos Botelho et d’un viaduc d\u00e9cor\u00e9 d’un arc-en-ciel de couleurs, con\u00e7u par Eduardo Nery.<\/p>\n

Largo do Intendente<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le XVIIIe si\u00e8cle est souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’\u00e2ge d’or de la production et de la conception de carreaux de fa\u00efence. Pour vous en convaincre, rendez-vous au Largo do Intendente, o\u00f9 vous pourrez vous asseoir \u00e0 un bar et siroter une bi\u00e8re ou un caf\u00e9 tout en admirant les \u0153uvres d’art de la fa\u00e7ade de l’ancienne fabrique de carreaux de Vi\u00fava Lamego. Fond\u00e9e par Ant\u00f3nio da Costa Lamego en 1849, l’entreprise a produit des tuiles pour des b\u00e2timents tels que la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Capela das Almas \u00e0 Porto.<\/p>\n

Largo do Intendente Pina Manique, 1100-088 Lisboa<\/em><\/p>\n

Campo de Santa Clara 124<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Visite du Campo de Santa Clara 124. Cet immeuble d’appartements est recouvert de magnifiques carreaux d’inspiration baroque peints par Luis Ferreira, qui a \u00e9galement d\u00e9cor\u00e9 l’immeuble du Largo do Intendente.<\/p>\n

L’oc\u00e9anarium<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lors de votre visite de l’oc\u00e9anarium, rep\u00e9rez un panneau de carreaux couvert de cr\u00e9atures marines. En y regardant de plus pr\u00e8s, vous verrez que les carreaux sont tous d\u00e9cor\u00e9s de magnifiques motifs g\u00e9om\u00e9triques individuels.<\/p>\n

Esplanada Dom Carlos I s\/n\u00ba, 1990-005 Lisboa<\/em><\/p>\n

Stations de m\u00e9tro<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Les stations de m\u00e9tro Parque, S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, Campo Grande, Picoas, Saldanha, Anjos et Arroios abritent les \u0153uvres de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre artiste abstraite Maria Keil.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9server les tuiles<\/h2>\n

Comme d’autres villes du Portugal, Porto regorge de belles fa\u00e7ades en tuiles : “Des b\u00e2timents couverts de telles couleurs… c’est quelque chose que l’on ne trouve qu’ici”, explique Marisa de Os Azulejos do Porto [Les tuiles de Porto]. Avec son amie Alba, elle travaille \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation et \u00e0 la promotion de l’art des tuiles.<\/p>\n

Ce “patrimoine unique” est menac\u00e9 par les entreprises de construction charg\u00e9es de r\u00e9am\u00e9nager la ville, qui d\u00e9molissent les anciens b\u00e2timents en tuiles et jettent des pi\u00e8ces “vieilles de centaines d’ann\u00e9es, fabriqu\u00e9es dans des usines qui n’existent plus”. C’est l’une des choses qui motivent Alba et Marisa : dans le cadre de leur projet autofinanc\u00e9, elles photographient et cataloguent les belles fa\u00e7ades en tuiles de Porto, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une archive dont les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures pourront profiter. Elles travaillent \u00e9galement avec des artisans locaux pour promouvoir leur travail. Mais ce n’est pas sans difficult\u00e9s : “Les entreprises de construction d\u00e9truisent presque les artisans : elles ne veulent payer que quelques centimes pour une tuile faite \u00e0 la main”, se plaint Alba.<\/p>\n

Comment pouvez-vous aider ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Selon Marisa, “les touristes ont en fait beaucoup encourag\u00e9 cet art, car ils prennent des photos et des selfies avec nos fa\u00e7ades et les partagent avec le monde entier”. Cela contribue \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 et la popularit\u00e9 de cette forme d’art ancienne. Toutefois, cet int\u00e9r\u00eat alimente \u00e9galement le commerce de tuiles vol\u00e9es dans les b\u00e2timents, qui sont vendues aux touristes dans les magasins d’antiquit\u00e9s ou les march\u00e9s aux puces. C’est pourquoi Alba et Marisa recommandent d’acheter de nouvelles tuiles aupr\u00e8s d’artisans locaux.<\/p>\n

Pour financer le projet, elles organisent des visites guid\u00e9es de Porto, o\u00f9 elles emm\u00e8nent les visiteurs voir certains de leurs b\u00e2timents pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s et discuter des carreaux autour d’une tasse de caf\u00e9. Ils organisent \u00e9galement des ateliers qui permettent aux touristes de se familiariser avec la conception des carreaux et d’en fabriquer eux-m\u00eames. Avec l’aide de personnes comme Alba et Marisa, de banques qui stockent les carreaux pendant les travaux de r\u00e9novation et de la r\u00e9pression du commerce de pi\u00e8ces vol\u00e9es, les touristes et les habitants pourront profiter de cette partie unique du patrimoine portugais pour les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcda Sources \ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n

\ud83d\udc49Instituto<\/a>Cam\u00f5es<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49<\/a> Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral do Patrim\u00f4nio Cultural de Portugal<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49<\/a> Museu Nacional do Azulejo<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49<\/a> C\u00e2mara Municipal de Lisboa<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49 Os Azulejos do Porto<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49 F<\/a> unda\u00e7\u00e3o das Casas de Fronteira e Alorna<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc49 SOS Azulejo<\/a><\/p>\n

Remerciements particuliers \u00e0 Jo\u00e3o Monteiro du Museu Nacional do Azulejo et \u00e0 Marisa et Alba d’Azulejos do Porto.<\/em><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcda \u00c0 propos de l’auteur \ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n

David Irvine est un traducteur, ainsi qu’un scribouillard occasionnel, un gaufreur et un amateur de musique jazz. En d’autres termes, c’est un pr\u00e9tentieux qui aime le son de sa propre voix. Originaire d’Irlande du Nord, il est passionn\u00e9 par les langues et les autres cultures, ayant v\u00e9cu auparavant en Allemagne et au Portugal. Il est aussi un peu francophile, surtout lorsqu’il s’agit de vin et de p\u00e2tisseries.<\/p>\n

\u00c9pinglez ce blog pour plus tard !<\/h3>\n

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