{"id":244272,"date":"2019-12-30T17:28:30","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T17:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostelworld.com\/blog\/overtourism-cuando-los-turistas-destruyen-el-paraiso-y-como-no-ser-uno-de-ellos\/"},"modified":"2023-11-09T16:10:56","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T16:10:56","slug":"a%c5%9f%c4%b1r%c4%b1-turizm-turistler-cenneti-yok-etti%c4%9finde-ve-onlardan-biri-olmamak-i%c3%a7in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostelworld.com\/blog\/tr\/a%c5%9f%c4%b1r%c4%b1-turizm-turistler-cenneti-yok-etti%c4%9finde-ve-onlardan-biri-olmamak-i%c3%a7in\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizm: turistler cenneti yok etti\u011finde (ve onlardan biri olmamak i\u00e7in)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuz bu sahneyi biliriz: Uzun bir planlamadan sonra hayalinizdeki yere var\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ve \u015fehrin en \u00fcnl\u00fc turistik mekan\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z. Oraya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u015fey bir insan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: dev gruplar, her t\u00fcrden aileler ve milyonlarca poz veren gen\u00e7 gruplar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Roma’daki Kolezyum ya da Salar de Uyuni fark etmez, \u00f6yle yerler vard\u0131r ki ger\u00e7ekten insanlarla doludur. Bir yer, yeterli altyap\u0131ya sahip turistler i\u00e7in eri\u015filebilir hale geldi\u011fi ve destinasyon onlar\u0131n pen\u00e7esine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc andan itibaren, her yer insan, foto\u011fraf ve hediyelik e\u015fya denizi haline gelir.<\/p>\n

Sorun, bu kalabal\u0131klar, mekan\u0131n onlar\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fu altyap\u0131dan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck hale geldi\u011finde ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

bir turist \u00e7ok fazla insan\u0131 rahats\u0131z eder mi?<\/h2>\n

Turistler uzun zamand\u0131r yerel halk\u0131 “rahats\u0131z ediyor”. Amerikal\u0131 sosyolog Dean MacCannell, 1960’lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda turistleri “sahte olaylar” ve “sahnelenmi\u015f otantiklik” taraf\u0131ndan cezbedilen aptal yarat\u0131klar olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. MacCannell’a g\u00f6re turistler gelir, herhangi bir \u015feyle b\u00fcy\u00fclenir ve \u00f6tekinin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini fark etmeden kendi ger\u00e7ekliklerine geri d\u00f6nerler.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Barselona ve Berlin gibi \u015fehirlerin tamam\u0131, orada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n evlerini turizm ad\u0131na kullanan i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i kiral\u0131k konut platformlar\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ediyor. Ancak turizmi ele\u015ftirmek ya da yasaklamak, \u00f6zellikle de bu \u015fehirlerin gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 turistlerden geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in, ters etki yarat\u0131yor. Akademisyenler, gezginleri su\u00e7laman\u0131n sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaten g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce sorunu anlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizm<\/em> nedir?<\/h2>\n

Bir yerin kalabal\u0131k olmas\u0131, o destinasyonun doymu\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Turizm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda buna “kalabal\u0131kla\u015fma” denir ve bu sadece alana g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla insan oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Yaz\u0131n Eyfel Kulesi’ni ya da New York’taki Times Meydan\u0131’n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Kalabal\u0131kla\u015fma, kitlesel bir turizm ak\u0131n\u0131 bir yerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, ekonomisini ve do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etti\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Avrupa Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan konuyla ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirilen bir grup ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131“a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizmi, turizmin belirli bir zaman ve yerdeki etkisinin fiziksel, ekolojik, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik ve\/veya politik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durum” olarak<\/em>tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Instagram a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizme<\/em> nas\u0131l katk\u0131da bulundu?<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\ud83d\udcf7\"@francineito<\/a><\/p>\n

Kalabal\u0131k yerler mutlaka tehlike alt\u0131nda olan yerler de\u011fildir. Ancak yeni ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve seyahat etme \u015feklimizin de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle birlikte denkleme bir fakt\u00f6r daha eklememiz gerekiyor: Instagram fakt\u00f6r\u00fc. D\u00fczinelerce influencer bir yeri ziyaret etti\u011finde, takip\u00e7ileri muhtemelen foto\u011fraf\u0131 tekrarlamak isteyecektir.<\/p>\n

Bali’deki Cennetin Kap\u0131lar\u0131 adl\u0131 an\u0131t bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Instagram’da o kadar \u00e7ok g\u00fczel foto\u011fraf var ki, bug\u00fcnlerde “influencer an\u0131” ya\u015famak i\u00e7in s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen turist kuyruklar\u0131 var. Foto\u011fraflarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen \u00e7evredeki manzara ise hi\u00e7 de bekledi\u011finiz gibi de\u011fil. Ancak \u00fcnl\u00fc kap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Lempuyang Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Bali halk\u0131 i\u00e7in kutsald\u0131r ve (daha sayg\u0131l\u0131) bir ziyarete de\u011fer.<\/p>\n

Nesli t\u00fckenmekte olan cennetler<\/h2>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizmden<\/em> muzdarip olanlar sadece ultra-foto\u011fraflanm\u0131\u015f yerler de\u011fildir. Yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en Avrupa Parlamentosu ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, sonu\u00e7lar \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir: a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizm<\/em> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri ve onlar\u0131n can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sakinlerini tehdit etmiyor, ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131rsal kasabalar\u0131 ve etraflar\u0131ndaki \u00e7evreyi tehdit ediyor.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Barselona’daki Sagrada Familia dolu oldu\u011funda, bu sadece kalabal\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak Tayland h\u00fck\u00fcmeti en \u00fcnl\u00fc plaj\u0131 Maya Bay’i 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kapatmaya karar verdi\u011finde, bunun nedeni do\u011fan\u0131n art\u0131k ya\u011fmac\u0131 turizmin neden oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131 telafi edememesidir. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada uyar\u0131 sinyalini a\u00e7mal\u0131 ve hayalimizdeki destinasyonlar\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7ti\u011fimizi, nas\u0131l seyahat etti\u011fimizi ve turizm faaliyetlerini nas\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fimizi yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizmin <\/em> en tehlikeli y\u00f6nleri <\/h2>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizm<\/em> kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarihi yerleri, yerli t\u00fcrleri ve eski k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok edebilir. Binlerce turistin bir yer \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 hayal edebilece\u011fimizden \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Turistler gittikleri her yere \u00e7ok para b\u0131rak\u0131rlar, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda arkalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla \u00e7\u00f6p de b\u0131rak\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Kanalizasyon sistemi 10.000 ki\u015fi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasaba d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. H\u00fck\u00fcmet 2.000 ki\u015fiyi a\u011f\u0131rlayacak uluslararas\u0131 bir etkinli\u011fe ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaya karar verdi\u011finde, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin ekonomiye ne kadar dolar kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesapl\u0131yor, ancak sistemi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckleyen g\u00fcnl\u00fck at\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor (evet, \u00e7i\u015f ve kakadan bahsediyoruz).<\/p>\n

Basit bir tahmin hatas\u0131 bir boruyu patlatabilir, \u015fehrin su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozabilir, su tablas\u0131n\u0131 ve nehirleri ve hatta t\u00fcm bir \u015fehri kirletebilir! Abart\u0131 gibi mi geliyor? Dakar Rallisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda G\u00fcney Amerika’n\u0131n en turistik \u015fehirlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durum bu.<\/p>\n

Turistik alanlar\u0131n doygunlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 koruma yasalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

bu sorun nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr? Seyahat etmeyi b\u0131rakarak m\u0131? Kendimizi eve kapat\u0131p asla canl\u0131 ve do\u011frudan g\u00f6remeyece\u011fimiz yerleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131ra h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131ra a\u011flayarak m\u0131? Hay\u0131r, turistlerin rol\u00fc t\u00fcm \u015fehirlerin altyap\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek de\u011fildir. Kurallara uymak, rahats\u0131zl\u0131k vermemek ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 israf etmemek bizim elimizde. G\u00f6receli bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi Peru’daki kutsal Machu Picchu da\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Biz s\u0131rt \u00e7antal\u0131 gezginler y\u0131llard\u0131r Machu Picchu’nun kapanmak \u00fczere oldu\u011funu duyuyoruz. Bug\u00fcn, D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Alanlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan UNESCO komitesinin bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda harabelerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak alabilece\u011fi ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama var. Bask\u0131 i\u015fe yarad\u0131 ve Machu Picchu’nun uzun bir s\u00fcre daha ziyaret\u00e7ilere a\u00e7\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

“O” turistlerden biri olmamak i\u00e7in<\/h2>\n

Her s\u0131rt \u00e7antal\u0131 gezgin, nas\u0131l seyahat edilece\u011fini “kitleden”, paket tur ziyaret\u00e7ilerinden daha iyi bildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunu s\u00f6yleyen ben de\u011filim ama bu konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar var. S\u0131rt \u00e7antal\u0131 gezginler seyahat programlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmakta daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrler, bir yerde daha fazla zaman ge\u00e7iriyorlar ve sadece turistik yerleri ve hediyelik e\u015fyalar\u0131 t\u00fcketip ortadan kaybolmuyorlar. Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken daha fazla fakt\u00f6r olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n

Yerel geleneklere sayg\u0131 duymak sa\u011fduyu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, yeterince dikkat etmezsek bizi ev sahiplerimizden ay\u0131ran k\u00fclt\u00fcrel n\u00fcanslar\u0131 alg\u0131lamak zordur. Seyahate \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce gelenekler hakk\u0131nda bilgi al\u0131n, sorular sorun, dinleyin ve g\u00f6zlemleyin. Siz ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z trenle bir Avrupa ba\u015fkentine seyahat etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok heyecanl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, biliyorum, ancak trendeki di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in bu, evden i\u015fe ba\u015fka bir yolculuk olabilir. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n sessizli\u011fine sayg\u0131 duymak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, kendinizi sizinle ayn\u0131 alanda bulunan birinin yerine koyun.<\/p>\n

Seyahat etmenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yollar\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

El Rio Hostel, Santa Marta, Kolombiya \"\ud83d\udcf7\"<\/a> @elriohostel<\/em><\/p>\n

Seyahat etmenin daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yollar\u0131 zaten var ve muhtemelen bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu zaten uyguluyorsunuz. Hostel, di\u011fer gezginlerle daha fazla ileti\u015fim kurman\u0131za, i\u015f i\u00e7in konaklamay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenize ve be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 bir oteldeki kral yataktan daha az yer kaplaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kalman\u0131n en iyi yoludur.<\/p>\n

Buna ek olarak, yemek pi\u015firebilir ve fast food restoranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6p da\u011flar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, bir s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 ile muhtemelen t\u00fcm g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc aktivitelerle me\u015fgul olarak ve turdan tura ko\u015farak ge\u00e7irmeyeceksiniz. Daha yava\u015f bir tempoda seyahat ederek ve bir yerde daha uzun s\u00fcre kalarak karbon ayak izinizi azalt\u0131r, yerel halkla ileti\u015fim kurar ve orada ya\u015faman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffedersiniz.<\/p>\n

s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir turizm i\u00e7in 7 ipucu<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\ud83d\udcf7\"<\/a>@leonorsousa<\/a><\/p>\n

Bunlar, bir sonraki seyahatinizde uygulayabilece\u011finiz, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turizmin<\/em> olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve bu destinasyonlar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre ziyaret etmemizi sa\u011flayacak baz\u0131 s\u00fcper basit ipu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse u\u00e7ak yerine tren veya otob\u00fcsle seyahat etmeyi tercih edin.<\/li>\n
  2. Yeniden kullan\u0131labilir su \u015fi\u015fenizi ve metal mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (pipet, \u00e7atal-b\u0131\u00e7ak ve tabak) yan\u0131n\u0131za al\u0131n.<\/li>\n
  3. Gidece\u011finiz yerle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131n ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sezonda seyahat etmeyi tercih edin.<\/li>\n
  4. “Roma’da Romal\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131n”, yani yerel halk gibi davran\u0131n ve yemek yiyin, \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketler yerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile i\u015fletmelerini te\u015fvik edin.<\/li>\n
  5. Y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 end\u00fcstrilere katk\u0131da bulunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in hediyelik e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131ca se\u00e7in (ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fc, de\u011ferli ta\u015flar, arkeolojik alan par\u00e7alar\u0131 yok).<\/li>\n
  6. Fil gezintileri gibi hayvanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 turistik yerleri ziyaret etmeyin.<\/li>\n
  7. \u00c7\u00f6plerinizi asla ortal\u0131kta b\u0131rakmay\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de do\u011fa koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret ederken, slogan “hi\u00e7bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmay\u0131n, sadece foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekin” \u015feklindedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\ud83d\udcda\" <\/b>Yazar hakk\u0131nda \"\ud83d\udcda\"<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Mariana Eberhard serbest <\/em>gazeteci ve \u00e7evirmen. Berlin’de ya\u015f\u0131yor, Alman-Brezilyal\u0131 bir ailenin annesi ve tropikal bitki koleksiyoncusu. Bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda turizm sosyolojisi alan\u0131nda doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve G\u00fcney Amerika’daki s\u0131rt \u00e7antal\u0131 gezginleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Travel Praxis<\/a> blogunda bulunabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":163,"featured_media":136007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"hw_hurry":"","hw_related":"[{\"id\":271469,\"score\":0.707500000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,\"hook\":\"\"},{\"id\":228737,\"score\":0.707500000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,\"hook\":\"\"},{\"id\":241869,\"score\":0.66469999999999995754507153833401389420032501220703125,\"hook\":\"\"},{\"id\":243401,\"score\":0.643100000000000004973799150320701301097869873046875,\"hook\":\"\"},{\"id\":1298449,\"score\":0.5983000000000000540012479177676141262054443359375,\"hook\":\"\"},{\"id\":244596,\"score\":0.59719999999999995310417943983338773250579833984375,\"hook\":\"\"}]","footnotes":""},"categories":[18274],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-244272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-tr","wpbf-post"],"yoast_head":"\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 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